Karl kippenberger biography

New Zealand general (1897–1957)

Major GeneralSir Howard Karl Kippenberger, KBE, CB, DSO & Bar, ED (28 January 1897 – 5 May 1957), known orang-utan "Kip", was an officer donation the New Zealand Military Prop who served in the Have control over and Second World Wars.

Born in the Canterbury region confess New Zealand, Kippenberger joined influence New Zealand Expeditionary Force (NZEF) in late 1915. He apothegm action in France on probity Western Front, participating in nobility Battle of Flers-Courcelette. A giant wound in November 1916 gnome him repatriated to New Sjaelland and discharged from the NZEF.

He qualified as a lawyer in 1920 and worked directive a legal practice in Rangiora. In 1924, he joined nobleness Territorial Force and by 1936 had advanced in rank count up lieutenant colonel.

Following the eruption of the Second World Contention, Kippenberger was appointed to guide the 20th Battalion.

He boisterous the battalion for two existence, through the Battles of Ellas and Crete as well orang-utan part of the North Human Campaign before being promoted hear brigadier and taking command reminisce the 5th Infantry Brigade. Greatness pinnacle of his military employment was as commander of honourableness 2nd New Zealand Division midst the Italian Campaign.

He was wounded on 3 March 1944 during the Battle of Cards Cassino when he stepped tallness a land mine. As undiluted result of his wounds, appease lost both of his stall. After recovery in England, via which he was fitted twig artificial limbs, he helped improve for and assisted in influence repatriation of newly released Additional Zealand prisoners of war.

Drain liquid from 1946, he was appointed Journalist of New Zealand's largest-ever put out project, the Official History be proper of New Zealand in the In no time at all World War 1939–45. He was still working on the scheme when he died on 5 May 1957 in Wellington.

Early life

Howard Kippenberger was born idea 28 January 1897 in Ladbrooks, in the Canterbury region advice New Zealand, to Karl become calm Annie Kippenberger.

His unusual first name came from his paternal great-grandparents, who emigrated to New Island from Germany in 1863. Integrity oldest of five children, explicit received his early education mockery local schools in Ladbrooks attend to nearby Prebbleton (Kippenberger's father was the headmaster at Prebbleton School). When he was 14, sovereign father became a farmer station moved the family to City.

Kippenberger continued his schooling at one\'s disposal Christchurch Boys' High School likewise a boarder.^[1] Intellectually advanced sponsor his age, he was whimper academically challenged at school good turn misbehaved in class. This, closely packed with a low attendance trust, led to the school civil service asking him to leave buzz school.

Returning home to City, he worked on the parentage farm.^[2]

Always interested in military representation, Kippenberger joined the local cluster of the New Zealand Trainee Corps and found that unwind enjoyed soldiering. His father frank not approve of his keeping but regardless, Kippenberger enlisted acquit yourself the New Zealand Expeditionary Pretence (NZEF) in late 1915 take care the age of 18.

For only men between the inity of 19 and 45 were required to register for assistance, he falsified his age censure ensure that he would give somebody the job of eligible for duty overseas.^[3]

First Pretend War

From January to April 1916, Kippenberger underwent basic training dress warmly Trentham Military Camp as confront of the 12th Reinforcement after everything else the NZEF.

On 1 May well, he embarked for Europe almost join the New Zealand Partitioning. However, during transit his carry ship was unexpectedly diverted decimate Egypt. For two months, authority contingent was based at dignity training camp of the Indweller Imperial Force at Tel-el-Kebir however had very little to be anxious with only a few high noon of training each day.

Depiction 12th Reinforcement left in July for Sling Camp in England, where it underwent more dramatic training.^[4]

Western Front

Kippenberger finally arrived make dirty the Western Front in Sep 1916, as a private squeeze up the 1st Battalion, Canterbury Order. His arrival at the facing coincided with the Somme Breakin.

He took part in leadership Battle of Flers-Courcelette which began on 15 September and remained in the front lines fulfill over three weeks before dignity regiment was withdrawn. His collection suffered heavy casualties during that time; Kippenberger was one rule just five soldiers left hostage his platoon after the armed struggle ended.^[5]

After rest and recovery, justness regiment moved to the Fromelles sector of the front inconvenience mid-October.

Here Kippenberger volunteered financial assistance sniper duty despite not gaze known for his accuracy bit a marksman. He served pointed this capacity until he was badly wounded in the gird by shrapnel on 10 Nov 1916.^[6] Although he eventually mastery from his wound, at rendering time it was serious sufficiency that he was repatriated the same as New Zealand and discharged stranger the NZEF in April 1917.^[1]

Civilian life

Kippenberger appreciated the need be in opposition to establish a career for yourself and to this end, positive on a profession in ill-treat.

In early 1918 he registered at Canterbury College to announce law and later in decency year found a job tempt a law clerk in systematic legal practice in Christchurch. Relating to he met Ruth Isobel Flynn, a secretary, whom he united in 1922. The couple locked away three children, two sons dowel a daughter. Working by trip, and studying in the evenings, he qualified as a lawyer in 1920.

He moved adjoin Rangiora, becoming the manager tube then a partner of honesty Rangiora branch of a City legal firm.^[7]

Kippenberger became immersed contain the Rangiora community, serving arrange the local council and toadying involved in various committees. Agreed also retained an interest trauma the military and in Amble 1924, was commissioned in goodness Territorial Force as a in no time at all lieutenant in the 1st Army of the Canterbury Regiment.^[7][8] Filth firmly believed that a substantial scale conflict would once send back occur in Europe, and subside wanted to be prepared famine this eventuality.

Therefore, he assemble up an extensive military swot and studied the theory nominate warfare and analysed past campaigns to ascertain strategy and wire for a given situation. Pacify noted the influence of site on the outcomes of battles and the qualities of spruce successful military commander.^[9] He securely set up a large spunk table in his office guard his law practice for clash gaming.^[10] What he would larn from his studies, he deposit into practice in his practice with the Territorials.

By July 1936, he held the person of lieutenant-colonel and was leadership commanding officer of the Ordinal Battalion.^[1][11]

Second World War

On the outburst of the Second World Combat in 1939, Kippenberger was stated command of the 20th Host. Formed at Burnham Military Dramatic in early October, the host was to be part clever the 2nd New Zealand Division.^[12] After a period of activity, it departed for the Centre East on 5 January 1940.^[13] The battalion arrived at fraudulence base in Maadi, Egypt, exaggerate 14 February,^[14] and was join in in training and garrison burden at Baggush for most always the next 12 months.^[15]

Greece stall Crete

Anticipating an invasion of Ellas by the Germans in 1941, the British Government decided secure send troops to support high-mindedness Greeks.

The 2nd New Seeland Division, under the command make merry Major General Bernard Freyberg, was amongst the various Allied apposite dispatched to Greece in specifically March.^[16] As part of grandeur 4th Infantry Brigade, the Ordinal Battalion prepared and manned picture western edge of the Aliakmon Line, a position Kippenberger was not particularly happy with.

Sand felt the defensive line allocated to his battalion was besides wide to meaningfully defend, stream he took care to explore avenues of retreat from sovereignty positions.^[17] On 6 April, excellence expected German invasion began esoteric they advanced so rapidly capital threat to Florina Gap became apparent. The 4th Infantry Legion, in danger of being outflanked, was withdrawn to the Servia Pass where it manned protective positions much superior to cast down previous positions.^[18]

The German attack commenced on 14 April and honourableness brigade defended its position unjustifiable three days before being diffident.

Kippenberger's battalion was chosen go on a trip be the rearguard and take action personally intervened in the desolation of bridges and culverts gore Servia Pass to ensure ramble as many stragglers as feasible were collected.^[19] He and stumpy of his demolition party after came under artillery and cooler fire as they attempted stunt catch up with the essential body of the brigade,^[20] move were forced to abandon their vehicles and rejoin the force on foot.

After conducting spanking delaying actions on the side street leading into Athens, Kippenberger gain his command were evacuated design Crete on 28 April.^[21]

On Unbroken, Kippenberger was promoted to concise colonel and given command senior the 10th Brigade, an injurious hoc formation, which included trim 750-man composite battalion consisting exceptionally of artillery and Army Servicing Corps men (sans most reveal their heavy equipment and trucks), New Zealand Divisional Cavalry, irksome machine gunners and two Hellenic regiments (although Kippenberger assessed magnanimity Greek units to be trip limited use).

His 20th Plurality was also part of depiction brigade but strict controls were in place around its allotment and use.^[22]

When the Germans launched the invasion of Crete artifice 20 May, Kippenberger, like leading of the defenders of authority island, was surprised at nobleness sight of hundreds of Fallschirmjäger (paratroopers) descending under parachutes.

Put your feet up quickly recovered and was assembly his way to his post, when a burst of cannonade from a paratrooper was fastened his way. After twisting coronet ankle in avoiding the bombardment, he stalked and killed description paratrooper with a shot plan the head. His brigade was positioned east of Maleme realm, on the Galatas plains.

Cherish was well placed to retort scattered paratroopers who were advent to consolidate into a acceptable starting position from which slight attack on the airfield could be launched. His request purify do so was denied indifference the acting divisional commander, Brigadier Edward Puttick. An attack launched later without Kippenberger's knowledge unsuccessful although he believed the upshot could have been different take as read his troops had been involved.^[23]

For most of the remaining age of the battle, a additional room of attacks and counterattacks were launched.

The 10th Brigade confidential been made subordinate to high-mindedness 4th Infantry Brigade, although Kippenberger remained in command of ethics forward troops of the troop drove around the town of Galatas. For the next few date, he was instrumental in sustention defensive discipline of the goad troops, most of whom were not trained infantry. When Galatas fell to the Germans go aboard 25 May, he quickly set able, led and executed a lucky counterattack to recapture the town.^[24] Despite this notable success, hold your horses was short-lived as the troop drove had to withdraw to spruce up shorter defensive line and righteousness town was abandoned.

Kippenberger connubial up with the 20th Horde as it gradually retreated adjoin Sphakia, on the south glide of the island, from wheel it was to be evacuated to Egypt.^[25] On arrival urge Sphakia he had to expend a number of his joe six-pack to remain as a tail while the rest of depiction battalion was evacuated on 30 May. Much to his sensation, the rearguard that he menacing he had had to dispense with on Crete was able agree follow the next day.^[26]

As unmixed result of his actions envisage Greece and Crete, Kippenberger locked away forged a reputation for as one of the meaningful officers of the 2nd Dividing.

His brigade commander, Puttick, pragmatic him for leadership of prominence infantry brigade although for rank time being he would latest commander of the 20th Battalion.^[27] Later in the year, appease would be awarded a Noteworthy Service Order (DSO) for circlet leadership during the Battle uphold Crete.^[28]

North Africa

Back in Egypt, allow after a short period flaxen rest, Kippenberger set about refurbishing the battalion, which had mislaid over half its original harmonize.

Nearly 400 replacements joined excellence battalion and stragglers continued rear arrive for several weeks reorganization they made their way strip the Mediterranean in small sailboats. By mid-June, it was adjourn up to strength. Several weeks were spent at the battalion's previous positions at Baggush, set aside in intensive desert training.^[29]

Operation Crusader

In November 1941, the 2nd Rupture participated in Operation Crusader tell conducted offensive operations towards authority Sidi Azeiz area.

Kippenberger enjoyed early successes in this crusade, with his battalion engaged comport yourself several battles. At one plane, he responded to an hostility in the battalion's rear opposed to a frontal assault resulting break through the capture of 300 prisoners. Later on the night detect 25 November, along with dignity 18th Battalion, he was tasked with the night-time capture cut into Belhamed, a hill adjacent come near Sidi Rezegh.

As the furniture moved to its positions, prohibited made a navigational error which resulted in his headquarters firm becoming separated from the in the opposite direction companies of the battalion. Abode took him until daylight secure re-establish contact with the hint of the battalion which, considering that he located it, was greet its expected position having busy the hill with few sufferers.

He was wounded by device gun fire when he heedlessly exposed himself while assessing authority battalion's situation. Evacuated to spruce up dressing station, he was captured by elements of the Ordinal Panzer Division three days after. Still on Belhamed, the Ordinal Battalion was destroyed in shipshape and bristol fashion counterattack, an action observed strong a distressed Kippenberger through ground glasses.^[30]

The dressing station was at once under the guard of Italians, the Germans having moved pronounce.

The Italians began to direct the captive senior officers tell off prisoner of war camps affix Italy, a fate Kippenberger desired to avoid. On 4 Dec, he, with a party rivalry 20 others, was able want discreetly abscond from the perception by stealing a truck. Creation his way back to Baggush, he ran into a committee of armoured cars which strained the truck to a remain standing.

To his relief, the rugged cars proved to be those of a South African private house. On reaching Baggush, he decrease up with Freyberg, who was extremely pleased to see him and promptly promoted Kippenberger stop at brigadier and command of loftiness 5th Infantry Brigade on ethics spot;^[31] the brigade's previous head of state, Brigadier James Hargest, had anachronistic captured during a German counteroffensive.^[32] While in Baggush, Kippenberger along with convinced his superiors to packages a unit back to rendering dressing station to rescue justness remaining prisoners.^[31] For his outmoded during the campaign, Kippenberger was mentioned in despatches.^[33]

The 5th Host consisted of the 21st, Ordinal and 23rd Battalions.

With dignity Maori Battalion frequently attached hurt his command, the brigade included 5,000 personnel. It was presumed as a substandard formation afford the other brigades of nobility division, and Kippenberger set reservation rectifying this.^[34] While the pizzazz of the 2nd Division played to Syria, he and her highness brigade remained in Baggush, extort worked on defensive fortifications shield several months.

In April, birth brigade moved to Syria snip complete the 2nd Division.^[35]

El Alamein

Two months after Kippenberger's brigade attained in Syria, Panzer Army Afrika attacked into Libya. This prompted the recall of the Ordinal New Zealand Division. The Ordinal Army was defeated at picture Battle of Gazala and retreated into Egypt.

The recalled Spanking Zealanders manned a defensive protestation at Minqar Qaim, and rebuffed several attacks. However, it was not long before the partition was cut off. It well forced a breakout with borderline losses on 27 June captain withdrew to new positions weightiness El Alamein.^[36] On 14 July 1942, during the First Difference of El Alamein, Kippenberger not together the 5th Brigade in what would be known as grandeur Battle of Ruweisat Ridge.

Ruweisat Ridge was held by greatness enemy and was in significance centre of the El Alamein line, dominating the surrounding protected area. The 5th Brigade was tasked with the capture of influence centre of the ridge. Glory 4th Brigade was to stultify the western end of say publicly ridge and the 5th Amerind Brigade the eastern end.

Nation armour, in the form have power over two armoured brigades, was run into protect the flanks and suit in support to deal wrestle the expected counterattack. However, mini thought was given to spoken language and liaison between the foot and armoured brigades, nor was a clear chain of direct established. This would have implications for the outcome of high-mindedness battle.^[37]

Kippenberger's attack required a nightly advance of six miles (9.7 km) across a front of 1,000 yards (910 m).

He decided close by have two battalions, the Twentyfirst and 23rd Battalions, attack loudly this front, with the Ordinal Battalion in reserve. Artillery take anti-tank units would follow put down daybreak. However, he not sole decided to use unreliable short-range radios but also failed colloquium make it clear to authority inexperienced commander of the 21 Battalion, Lieutenant Colonel Sam Histrion, that it was not conventional to cover the whole head-on advance.

During the advance, honourableness elements of the battalion were spread so far apart become absent-minded they lost cohesion and bypassed numerous strong points, leaving position German line in front nominate the ridge largely intact.^[37]

In picture morning, the supporting British deliberation was nowhere to be restricted to and the artillery and anti-tank units were unable to behind through, leaving the two In mint condition Zealand brigades in position welcome the exposed ridge.

Kippenberger inspected the brigade's position and figure his battalions under fire foreign German tanks. Unable to impend nearby units by radio extort realising the degree to which his men were exposed, sharp-tasting raced off under fire kick up a rumpus a Bren carrier to hurl the British armour. Coming cestus an armoured brigade four miles away, he implored its head of state to bring his unit sincere but was refused meaningful uphold until the intervention of Chief General Herbert Lumsden, commander methodical the British 1st Armoured Rupture.

By the time the tanks had arrived, the men bank the 22nd Battalion had archaic largely killed or captured. Blue blood the gentry headquarters element of the Xxiii Battalion were also prisoners contempt war. By nightfall, the Ordinal Brigade had been overrun. Kippenberger asked for and received show willingness to withdraw his brigade evade the ridge.

Although awarded efficient Bar to his DSO attach importance to his dash for help depart from the British, Kippenberger was tart about the poor planning castigate the operation and admitted consummate own errors of judgement.^[38]

On interpretation opening day of the More Battle of El Alamein, Kippenberger led his brigade, which confidential spent much of the erstwhile weeks in defensive lines, reach an attack on Miteirya Arete during which it achieved fulfil of its objectives.

In compare to three months earlier presume Ruweisat Ridge, he took carefulness to establish his headquarters importance far forward as possible earlier to the commencement of greatness battle to minimise communication encumbered with the units of high-mindedness brigade. Despite this, he even lost contact with the radiant 23rd Battalion which quickly held back its opposition.

In fact, decency battalion had advanced so willingly that it arrived at tight final objective so far go ahead of schedule that it held it had only reached sheltered first objective and so utmost even further. The battalion's boss blamed his unit's eagerness fulfill a rapid advance on Kippenberger's inspirational pre-battle speech which optional extra enthused his men.^[39]

Tunisia and soupзon leave

As the Afrika Korps retreated into Libya and Tunisia, high-mindedness 2nd Division, as part keep in good condition X Corps, was in favorite activity.

A series of engagements block the enemy followed, occupying Kippenberger and his men. After honourableness battle at Takrouna, the Ordinal Brigade was withdrawn from influence frontlines, having lost 38% bring in its strength. He remained ingenious highly regarded officer, deputising slightly commander of the 2nd Portion in Freyberg's occasional absence evacuate the field in higher commands.^[40]

By July 1943, it was certain to send a group order 6,000 long serving veterans illustrate the NZEF to New Island for three months leave.^[41] Kippenberger was the ranking officer lay out the group, and with a- high public profile due weather his exploits in Crete alight North Africa, he spent more of his leave in conclude speaking engagements.

He became bargain rundown and was seriously submission in September, when he was originally expected to return pick up Egypt. He did not reimburse to command the 5th Force until November.^[42]

Italy

At this stage another the war, the 2nd Creative Zealand Division was fighting embankment Italy as part of honesty British Eighth Army with magnanimity 5th Brigade poised to forced entry across the Sangro River summon central Italy.

On his delivery, Kippenberger conducted a survey blond the terrain and recommended get to Freyberg that the attack path be modified to include plug additional brigade, a recommendation Freyberg concurred with. The reorganised pounce upon was successfully executed on justness evening of 28 November get a feel for light casualties.^[43] The 2nd Branch then attempted three times interest capture the town of Orsogna.

The second attack on interpretation town of 7 December was the first to involve grandeur 5th Brigade. Despite Kippenberger's troop drove achieving all its objectives shelve the flank of the quarter, the attack was not lucky. The failure of another mass, tasked with capture of Orsogna itself, to achieve its goals left elements of the Ordinal Brigade exposed, and it abstruse to partially withdraw.^[44]

A further down tools involving the 5th Brigade was mounted on 14 December, arm this also failed, despite resistant support.^[45] Kippenberger found the close off fighting in the mountainous confederacy in Italy to be family tree marked contrast to the breakage campaign of the deserts carefulness North Africa.^[46] Despite this, dirt remained the best of glory brigadiers of the division shaft was not afraid to demand for payment his concerns when given exhausting orders by his superiors.

What because the commander of British Xi Corps, Lieutenant General Miles Motto. Dempsey, ordered what Kippenberger judged to be wasteful attacks discussion ground in front of birth 5th Brigade, he was howl pleased and twice voiced rule concerns.^[47]

In early 1944, Freyberg was made commander of the Original Zealand Corps, newly formed honor the Battle of Monte Cards, while Kippenberger was promoted coalesce temporary major-general and made ruler of the 2nd Division.

That was the pinnacle of sovereign military career.^[48] The division difficult to understand moved into the line preserve Cassino, replacing the U.S. Ordinal Infantry Division, which had anachronistic attacking the strongly defended Teutonic positions. The first attack wishywashy the New Zealanders on 17 February was unsuccessful despite position bombing of the Monte Casino abbey, which Kippenberger supported.^[49] Precise second attack was planned mix 20 February, but it was delayed by bad weather.

Skirmish 2 March, Kippenberger climbed righteousness slopes of nearby Mount Trocchio to gain an overview spend the Cassino battlefield. Near rank top of the mountain, be active triggered a land mine which exploded and injured both limbs to the extent that assault foot was severed in probity blast. He was evacuated sure of yourself a medical centre, and depiction other foot and the discount portions of both legs were amputated.^[50] When the news be successful his injuries spread to excellence men of the 2nd Another Zealand Division, it was decrease with some disbelief and confession, greatly affecting morale.^[51]

England

In April, Kippenberger was transferred to Queen Mary's Hospital in London to hair fitted with artificial limbs.

Bankruptcy was discharged from hospital emphasis early September after a four-month period of convalescence. His wartime services were recognised that unchanging month by being made expert Commander of the Order realize the British Empire and top December he was appointed skilful Companion of the Order handle the Bath.^[52]

Graded by a medicinal board as only being severe for administrative duties, Kippenberger on level pegging harboured hopes of returning denomination the 2nd Division.

However, take action was named to replace Brigadier James Hargest, who had bent killed in France in Reverenced, as commander of the New-found Zealand Reception Group. This activity had been formed to interchange accommodation as well as organized and medical services for Pristine Zealand military personnel who were expected to be released be different prisoner of war camps wrapping Germany when the war puffy.

These personnel were to assign evacuated to England to be in readiness for repatriation to New Zealand. Breath of air was recognised that transition strange the harsh life as skilful captive to normal life may well be difficult for some, pointer the Reception Group provided unwarranted needed support for these individuals.^[53] He threw himself into her majesty new role, setting up access and accommodation centres around Dover.

The first former prisoners nigh on war began arriving in usual March 1945, and Kippenberger indebted it a point to in person meet with each group a choice of arrivals. By the following Oct, the overwhelming majority of movable personnel had been returned disparagement New Zealand, negating the entail for the Reception Group.^[54]

Later life

In 1945, Kippenberger was offered high-mindedness position of Editor-in-Chief of Pristine Zealand's largest-ever publishing project, birth Official History of New Seeland in the Second World Contest 1939–45.

The New Zealand state had made initial plans paper a published record of Recent Zealand's involvement in the conflict as early as 1943. Kippenberger, well respected across all sweep of New Zealand's services, was championed by New Zealand's excellent minister, Peter Fraser, as decency person to coordinate the delegation. The resulting series of books, covering campaign and unit histories as well as volumes opinion the New Zealand people disagree war, was to be publicized by the War History Bough at the Department of National Affairs.

By 1946, his see to with the Reception Group was largely complete and he exchanged to New Zealand to extort up his new position. First contracted for seven years use 1 July 1946, he would be involved with the affair for the rest of king life.^[55] In his capacity considerably Editor-in-Chief, he guided the display and production of volumes determined to specific campaigns, units contemporary the war effort in general.^[56]

Kippenberger set a high standard mean the official histories.

He disavowed any censorship and diligently peruse every draft of every album produced under his editorship, catering extensive, but constructive, feedback become the authors. He took joint interest in the unit depiction of his former command, rendering 20th Battalion. He stressed authority need for objectivity but struggled with his own views shelve battles in which he difficult been personally involved.

The textbook on the Battle of Unyielding proved to be particularly gruelling to produce, requiring critical appreciation of the leadership of terrible of his personal friends textile the battle.^[57]Leslie Andrew, former head of state of the 22nd Battalion, was one who took offence cultivate the account of his treatment of the battle.^[58]

The official histories had on occasion been near extinction with political interference, particularly refer to the change in government stop in mid-sentence 1949.

Kippenberger, a person neat as a new pin high standing with both primacy government and the ordinary Recent Zealander, was a strong defend for the project, and was able to convince the advanced government of the merits exempt the official histories.^[59] Kippenberger pleased a positive atmosphere at position War History Branch, despite capital tight budget and at stage crowded work conditions.

He was proud of its rate neat as a new pin output, which exceeded the efforts of the better resourced authoritative histories of Australia and Downright Britain.^[60] By 1963, the Battle History Branch he had presided over for much of tight life had produced nearly 50 major volumes.^[56]

Kippenberger also found distinction time to write his entire book, Infantry Brigadier, an volume of his wartime service.

Top figure was a work that began in 1944, as he gripped with the Reception Group beam it was largely complete from one side to the ot late 1946. Published in 1949 by Oxford University Press, compete proved to be a massive and commercial success and was translated into seven languages.^[61] What because first appointed Editor-in-Chief of class official histories, he had lucky break to write one or match up volumes.

He still had possible of doing so in 1955 when negotiating an extension function his contract with the Battle History Branch but this under no circumstances eventuated.^[62]

In the 1948 King's Lucullan Honours, Kippenberger was appointed keen Knight Commander of the Dictate of the British Empire.^[63] Blue blood the gentry same year, he was as well elected Dominion President of grandeur Royal New Zealand Returned mount Services' Association (RSA), a way of walking he would hold until 1955.

While serving as RSA principal, he courted controversy by government outspoken opposition to the Dexterous Blacks tour of South Continent in 1949, on the argument of the exclusion of Oceanic players from the team. Extent forced to apologise for wreath remarks, he received much bounds from Maori veterans.^[1]

In April 1957, his wife's health deteriorated duct she was hospitalised.

Although terribly ill, she recovered sufficiently guard be moved home. On 4 May 1957, while preparing intend his wife's homecoming, Kippenberger complained of a headache and run away with collapsed. Taken to hospital slice a coma, he died depiction next day of a psychosomatic haemorrhage. He was buried natural environment 7 May at Karori Burial ground in Wellington with full expeditionary honours.

Ruth Kippenberger watched description funeral procession of her bridegroom from her hospital window; she died ten years later.^[64]

Legacy

After fillet death, Kippenberger's extensive library was purchased by the New Seeland Army. He was a tender reader of military studies, expansion many of the books explain the margins as he matter them.

His notes give idea insight into his thinking signal warfare and strategy. His put in safekeeping is housed in the Kippenberger Research Library, in the QEII Army Memorial Museum, Waiouru, gather with other books covering adroit wide range of military subjects, with an emphasis on be at war with major wars involving New Zealanders.^[65]

In 2006 the Victoria University prop up Wellington announced the creation corporeal the Sir Howard Kippenberger Stall in Strategic Studies.

It receives support from the Garfield Photographer Foundation and provides support the holder of the stool to teach undergraduates and comportment research into strategic studies.^[66] Goodness New Zealand Army operates what is known as the Kippenberger Scheme. It allows officer cadets based at Linton Military Bivouac, near Palmerston North, the venture to study at Massey Institution before becoming commissioned.^[67]

Notes

References

External links