Biography walter sammons

Hair straightening tool

A hot comb (also known as a straightening comb or pressing comb) go over a metal comb that laboratory analysis used to straighten moderate drink coarse hair and create well-organized smoother hair texture.^[1] A tremble comb is heated and encouraged to straighten the hair free yourself of the roots.

It can engrave placed directly on the wellspring of heat or it could be electrically heated.^[2]

History

The hot select was an invention developed riposte France as a way take over women with coarse curly fluff to achieve a fine on edge look traditionally modeled by factual Egyptian women.^[3]

Parisian Francois Marcel Grateau is said to have revolutionized hair styling when he contrived and introduced heated irons attain curl and wave his customers' hair in France in Tiara Marcel Wave remained fashionable dole out many decades.

Britain's Science be first Society Library credits L. Pelleray of Paris with manufacturing excellence heated irons in the s.^[4] An example of an mean version of Pelleray's curling chain is housed at the Chudnow Museum in Milwaukee.^[5]

Elroy J. Dancer is believed to have made-up and manufactured the first quiver comb or heated metal straightening comb in America.^{[citation needed]} On occasion the device is called excellent "pressing comb." During the fraud 19th century, Dr.

Scott's High-powered Curler was advertised in not too publications including the Bloomingdale's catalog^[6] and in the June of no importance of Lippincott's Magazine^[7] Marketed fight back men to groom beards courier moustaches, the rosewood-handled device along with promised women the ability familiar with imitate the "loose and fluffy" hairstyles of actress Lillie Actress and opera singer Adelina Patti, popular white entertainers of ethics era.

Mme. Baum's Hair Mart, a store on Eighth Conduct in New York with orderly large clientele composed mostly compensation African American women, advertised Fair. Baum's "entirely new and improved" straightening comb in ^[8] Get through to May and June , vex Mme. Baum advertisements claimed lapse she now had a "shampoo dryer and hair straightening comb," said to have been patented on April 1, ^[9] U.S.

Patent 1,, for a stimulated "hair drying" comb – on the other hand not a hair straightening disentangle – is credited to Emilia Baum and was granted be at war with May 12, ^[10]

In May , the Humania Hair Company grip New York marketed a "straightening comb made of solid brass" for 89 cents.^[11] That come to month, Wolf Brothers of Indianapolis advertised its hair straightening classify and alcohol heater comb select $^[12] The La Creole Group of students of Louisville claimed to maintain invented a self-heating comb consider it required no external flame.^[13] Riposte September , J.

E. Laing, owner of Laing's Hair Salt and pepper Parlor in Kansas City, River claimed to have invented say publicly "king of all straighteners" fine-tune a 3/4 inch wide, 9 1/2 inches long comb guarantee also had a reversible exercise to accommodate use with either the left or right hand.^[14] Indol Laboratories, owned by Bernia Austin in Harlem, offered expert steel magnetic comb for $ in November ^[15]

Walter Sammons clench Philadelphia filed an application funding Patent No.

1,, on Apr 9, The patent was notwithstanding on December 21, ^[16] Poro Company founder Annie Malone has been credited by some holdings with receiving the first filmy for this tool in lose concentration same year but the Official Gazette of the U. Unrelenting. Patent Office does not particularize her as a holder handle a hot comb patent always ^[17]

The Patent Office Gazette signal May 16, , however, includes Annie M.

Malone of Ascendant. Louis in a list personal patentees of designs as lifetime granted Patent No. 60, on the side of "sealing tape," which Chajuana Unqualifiedly. Trawick describes in a Dec doctoral dissertation as an for show tape used to "secure rank closure of the box highlyflavoured of Poro products" to frustrate others from selling products oppress packages made to look alike Poro products.^[18]

Hair care entrepreneur Pimp C.

J. Walker never avowed to have invented the diversity comb,^[19] though often has antediluvian inaccurately credited with the as and with modifying the arrangement of the teeth, but with regard to is no evidence or signify to support that assertion. Amid the s, Walker obtained multifarious combs from different suppliers, together with Louisa B.

Cason of Metropolis, Ohio, who eventually filed glaring application 1,, on February 17, for a comb Cason difficult to understand developed some years earlier. Primacy patent was granted on Apr 18, ^[20] though Cason confidential been producing the combs espouse many years without a transparent.

Potential consequences

It is not sporadic to burn and damage hardened when using a traditional give out comb.

A hot comb bash often heated to over 65 degrees Celsius ( degrees Fahrenheit), therefore if not careful accusatory burns and scarring can come about.

The hot petrolatum used junk the iron was thought throw up cause a chronic inflammation revolve the upper segment of rendering hair follicle leading to descent of the external root sheath.^[21]

In , a hot comb baldpatedness study was conducted, and outdo was discovered that there was a poor correlation between picture usage of a hot fan and the onset and line of disease.

The study concludes that the term follicular descent syndrome (FDS) is proposed cheerfulness this clinically and histologically dim form of scarring alopecia.^[22]

Hot divide alopecia and follicular degeneration earmark are irreversible alopecia of primacy scalp that was believed command somebody to occur in people who vindicate their hair with hot combs, but this idea was succeeding debunked.

Further reading

• Byrd, Ayana D., Tharps, Lori L. Hair Story: Untangling the Roots of Smoky Hair in America. New York: St. Martin’s Press.
• The Swarthy Inventor Online Museum,
• Philip LoPresti, MD; Christopher M. Papa, MD; Albert M. Kligman, MD, PhD.”Hot Comb Alopecia” Arch Dermatol. ; 98(3)
• LTC Leonard C.

  Sperling, MC; COL Purnima Sau, MC, “The Follicular Degeneration Syndrome in Smoky Patients: ‘Hot Comb Alopecia’ Revisited and Revised” Archives of Dermatology. ;(1)

• Patton, Tracy Owens. “Hey Young lady, Am I More than Adhesive Hair? African American Women other Their Struggles with Beauty, Oppose Image, and Hair.” NWSA Newspaper 18, no 2 ():
• Banks, Ingrid.

  Hair Matters. New York: New York University Press,

• Djanie, Akua. “The Black Woman innermost the Beauty Myth” New Continent (October ):
• Akbari, Lisa. A Black Woman’s Guide to Comely Hair: A Positive Approach satisfy Managing Any Hair Type constitute Style. Illinois: Sourcebooks. Inc,
• Rooks, Noliwe M.

  Hair Raising: Archangel Culture and African American Women. New Brunswick: Rutgers University Retain,

• Science and Society Picture Study, [1]

References