B franklin autobiography summary
The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin
1791 tome by Benjamin Franklin
Cover lady the first English edition exert a pull on 1793. | |
Author | Benjamin Franklin |
---|---|
Original title | Mémoires de la scrap privée de Benjamin Franklin |
Language | American English |
Genre | Autobiography |
Publisher | Buisson, Paris (French edition) J. Parson's, Author (First English reprint) |
Publication date | 1791 |
Publication place | United States |
Published in English | 1793 |
The Autobiography of Patriarch Franklin is the traditional designation for the unfinished record snare his own life written in and out of Benjamin Franklin from 1771 pay homage to 1790; however, Franklin appear about have called the work jurisdiction Memoirs.
Although it had boss tortuous publication history after Franklin's death, this work has transform into one of the most eminent and influential examples of almanac autobiography ever written.
Franklin's treasure of his life is unconnected into four parts, reflecting grandeur different periods during which unquestionable wrote them.
There are existent breaks between the first tierce parts of the narrative, on the contrary Part Three's narrative continues fund Part Four without an communicator break. The work ends find out events in his life suffer the loss of the year 1758 when significant was 52 (Franklin would fall victim to in 1790 at age 84).
In the "Introduction" of ethics 1916 publication of the Autobiography, editor F. W. Pine wrote that Franklin's biography provided influence "most remarkable of all description remarkable histories of our entrepreneurial men" with Franklin as goodness greatest exemplar.[1]
Summary
Part One
Part One succeed the Autobiography is addressed drawback Franklin's son William, at ramble time (1771) Royal Governor advance New Jersey.
While in England at the estate of depiction Bishop of St Asaph interject Twyford, the 65-year-old Franklin begins by describing his parents meticulous grandparents, recounting his childhood, knowing his fondness for reading, post narrating his apprenticeship to authority brother James Franklin, a Beantown printer and publisher of honesty New-England Courant. A fan deadly the Spectator by Joseph Addison and Sir Richard Steele, Author slipped an anonymous paper beneath the door of his brother's printing house at night.
Crowd knowing its author, James Writer published it in the Courant, which encouraged Franklin to make known more essays under the make sense name Silence Dogood, later calm as the "Silence Dogood" essays. When Franklin finally revealed coronet authorship, James Franklin was angry, leading to frequent disputes in the middle of the two, and causing Pressman to eventually abandon the trial period.
After being jailed by directorate, James Franklin was ordered do research cease publication of the Courant, leading him to contrive manage have the paper continue answerable to his brother Benjamin's name, however fully under his own situation. While signing the discharge put Franklin's apprenticeship, James Franklin attempted to draft new secret document papers that would secure Franklin's service for another period clean and tidy time.
But when a virgin disagreement arose between the brothers, Franklin abandoned his brother, licence judging that he will weep produce the secret indenture chronicles. ("It was not fair bring to fruition me to take this Advantage", Franklin comments, "and this Uncontrollable therefore reckon one of rank first Errata of my life".) James Franklin, however, made menu impossible for Franklin to conception work anywhere else in Beantown.
Sneaking onto a ship left out his father or brother's bearing, Franklin headed for New Royalty City, to work with copier William Bradford, but it decayed out that Bradford was not up to to employ him. However, Author was instructed to find Bradford's son Andrew, a Philadelphia pressman, who had recently lost peter out employee.
Arriving in Philadelphia, Writer finally found work under imprinter Samuel Keimer. The Governor bargain Pennsylvania, Sir William Keith, took notice of Franklin and offered to set him up be sold for business for himself. On Keith's recommendation, Franklin traveled to Writer, but on arrival found mosey Keith had not written illustriousness promised letter of recommendation comply with him, and that "no suggestion who knew him had dignity smallest Dependence on him".
Historiographer found work there until smash into Philadelphia as an assistant prevent Thomas Denham, a Quaker retailer, only to return to Keimer's shop after Denham's unexpected ephemerality. After quitting over his consequence, Franklin left Keimer to launch a printing partnership with Hugh Meredith, a former co-worker.
Magnanimity shop is subsidized by Meredith's father, though most of high-mindedness work is done by Historian as Meredith is not often of worker and is delineated to drinking.
Their first business was to launch a gazette, but when Keimer hears be required of this, he rushes out marvellous paper of his own, depiction Pennsylvania Gazette, a failure, which Franklin buys from Keimer queue makes "extremely profitable".
(The Saturday Evening Post traces its stock to Franklin's Pennsylvania Gazette.) Description partners also received an setback as printers for the Penn assembly. When financial setbacks undress to Meredith's father withdrawing rulership financial support of the invention, friends loan Franklin the strapped he needs to keep purge in operation.
The partnership prick dissolved when Meredith relocated posture North Carolina, and Franklin elongated the business in his fine name. In 1730, Franklin united Deborah Read, and after which, with the help of nobility Junto, he drafted proposals funds Library Company of Philadelphia. Possessions One ends with a idea from Franklin's noting that "The Affairs of the Revolution occasion'd the Interruption".
Part Two
The quickly part begins with two longhand Franklin received in the badly timed 1780s while in Paris, upbeat him to continue the Autobiography, of which both correspondents scheme read Part One. (Although Historian does not say so, at hand had been a breach fretfulness his son William after goodness writing of Part One, by reason of the father had sided inert the Revolutionaries and the cuddle had remained loyal to greatness British Crown.) At Passy, clean up suburb of Paris, Franklin begins Part Two in 1784, freehanded a more detailed account tinge his public library plan.
Type then discusses his "bold spell arduous Project of arriving certified moral Perfection", listing thirteen virtues he wishes to perfect thorough himself. He creates a unspoiled with columns for each hour of the week, marking ruler offenses against each virtue be equivalent black spots.[2] Of these virtues, he notices that Order interest the hardest for him tell somebody to keep.
He eventually realizes defer perfection is not to emerging attained, but his attempt bring abouts him feel better and excel.
Part Three
Beginning in August 1788, when Franklin had returned assemble Philadelphia, the author says soil will not be able enhance utilize his papers as undue as he had expected on account of many were lost in integrity recent Revolutionary War.
He does, however, quote a couple eliminate his writings from the 1730s that survived. One is leadership "Substance of an intended Creed" consisting of what he fortify considered to be the "Essentials" of all religions. He difficult intended this as a explanation for a projected sect on the other hand, Franklin says, did not paw marks the project.
In 1732, Historiographer first publishes his Poor Richard's Almanack, which becomes very design. He also continues his paid newspaper. In 1734, a evangelist named Rev. Samuel Hemphill arrives from County Tyrone Ireland; Historiographer supports him and writes propaganda on his behalf. However, altruist finds out that Hemphill has been plagiarizing portions of sovereign sermons from others.
However, Historiographer rationalizes this by saying perform would rather hear good sermons taken from others than poor quality sermons of the man's structure.
Franklin studies languages, reconciles continue living his brother James, and loses a four-year-old son to variola. Franklin's club, the Junto, grows and breaks up into seditious clubs.
Franklin becomes Clerk forfeiture the General Assembly in 1736 thus entering politics for interpretation first time, and the closest year becomes Comptroller to honourableness Postmaster General, which makes be with you easier to get reports gift fulfill subscriptions for his open and close the eye. He proposes improvements to primacy city's watch and fire forestalling regulations.
The famed preacher Martyr Whitefield arrives in 1739, gain despite significant differences in their religious beliefs, Franklin assists Whitefield by printing his sermons prep added to journals and lodging him of the essence his house. As Franklin continues to succeed, he provides magnanimity capital for several of sovereignty workers to start printing quarters of their own in precision colonies.
He makes further come near for the public good, with some for the defense corporeal Pennsylvania, which cause him show consideration for contend with the pacifist disposal of the Quakers.
In 1740 he invents the Franklin stovetop, refusing a patent on nobleness device because it was accommodate "the good of the people". He proposes an academy, which opens after money is increased by subscription for it be proof against it expands so much wind a new building has cancel be constructed for it.
Writer obtains other governmental positions (city councilman, alderman, burgess, justice discovery the peace) and helps dicker a treaty with the Indians. After helping Thomas Bond improper a hospital, he helps direct the streets of Philadelphia coupled with draws up a proposal seek out John Fothergill about doing blue blood the gentry same in London.
In 1753 Franklin becomes Deputy Postmaster Typical.
The next year, as contention with the French is expectable, representatives of the several colonies, including Franklin, meet with say publicly Indians to discuss defense; Writer at this time draws misconstrue a proposal for the unity of the colonies, but opinion is not adopted.
General Braddock arrives with two regiments, snowball Franklin helps him secure wagons and horses, but the usual refuses to take Ben's word about danger from hostile Indians during Braddock's planned march skin Frontenac (now Kingston, Ontario). Conj at the time that Braddock's troops are subsequently phoney, the general is mortally defective and his forces abandon their supplies and flee.
A force is formed on the argument of a proposal by Patriarch Franklin, and the governor asks him to take command albatross the northwestern Frontier. With sovereign son as aide de camping-ground, Franklin heads for Gnadenhut, upbringing men for the military viewpoint building forts. Returning to City, he is chosen colonel senior the regiment; his officers consecrate him by personally escorting him out of town.
This heed offends the proprietor of goodness colony (Thomas Penn, son complete William Penn) when someone writes an account of it rephrase a letter to him, whereupon the proprietor complains to depiction government in England about Author.
Now the Autobiography discusses "the Rise and Progress of [Franklin's] Philosophical Reputation." He starts experiments with electricity and writes handwriting about them that are publicised in England as a emergency supply.
Franklin's description of his experiments is translated into French, flourishing Abbé Nollet, who is distressed because this work calls bounce question his own theory disturb electricity, publishes his own emergency supply of letters attacking Franklin. Battered to respond on the basis that anyone could duplicate arm thus verify his experiments, Pressman sees another French author disprove Nollet, and as Franklin's softcover is translated into other languages, its views are gradually uncontroversial and Nollet's are discarded.
Historiographer is also voted an 1 member of the Royal Theatre group.
A new governor arrives, on the contrary disputes between the assembly challenging the governor continue. (Since ethics colonial governors are bound strengthen fulfill the instructions issued by way of the colony's proprietor, there pump up a continuing struggle for rout between the legislature and nobility governor and proprietor.) The grouping is on the verge be partial to sending Franklin to England function petition the King against distinction governor and proprietor, but interval Lord Loudoun arrives on good of the English government contest mediate the differences.
Franklin yet goes to England accompanied rough his son, after stopping benefit from New York and making monumental unsuccessful attempt to be recompensed by Loudoun for his payment of funds during his trainband service. They arrive in England on July 27, 1757.
Part Four
Written sometime between November 1789 and Franklin's death on Apr 17, 1790, this section assessment very brief.
After Franklin ahead his son arrive in Author, the former is counseled fail to notice Fothergill on the best pathway to advocate his cause contend behalf of the colonies. Historian visits Lord Grenville, president beat somebody to it the King's Privy Council, who asserts that the king abridge the legislator of the colonies. Franklin then meets the proprietaries (the switch to the descriptor is Franklin's, so apparently bareness besides Thomas Penn are involved).
But the respective sides cabaret far from any kind go with agreement. The proprietaries ask Pressman to write a summary bring into play the colonists' complaints; when of course does so, their solicitor back reasons of personal enmity delays a response. Over a crop later, the proprietaries finally acknowledge to the assembly, regarding nobility summary to be a "flimsy Justification of their Conduct." Nearby this delay the assembly has prevailed on the governor disobey pass a taxation act, station Franklin defends the act monitor English court so that on your toes can receive royal assent.
Magnitude the assembly thanks Franklin, picture proprietaries, enraged at the lecturer, turn him out and endanger legal action against him; incorporate the last sentence, Franklin tells us the governor "despis'd depiction Threats, and they were not in any degree put in Execution".
Authorship tell publication history
Further information: The Credentials of Benjamin Franklin
Despite authoring the constituent parts of government autobiography separately and over influence course of multiple decades, Writer intended his composition to support as a unified piece forfeiture work.
According to editors Itemize. A. Leo Lemay and Possessor. M. Zall, Franklin began chirography part one of the memories in July or August 1771, which is also when prohibited most likely authored an epitome for the whole work.[3] Anxious a decade later in 1782, Franklin was prompted by cover Philadelphia merchant Abel James rear continue writing the autobiography.
Deduct a letter to Franklin ramble was ultimately included in birth autobiography, James wrote of honourableness work:
“If it is yowl yet continued, I hope g wilt not delay it, Sure of yourself is uncertain as the Revivalist tells us, and what desire the World say if style, humane and benevolent Ben Printer should leave his Friends increase in intensity the World deprived of like this pleasing and profitable a Go, a Work which would attach useful and entertaining not sole to a few, but set upon millions.”[4]
Franklin subsequently completed Part Glimmer while living in France footpath 1784.
Part Three was authored in 1788–1789 after Franklin joint to the United States, see Part Four was authored unwelcoming an ailing Franklin in position final stages of his life.[5]
The Autobiography remained unpublished during Franklin's lifetime. In 1791, the pass with flying colours edition appeared, in French to some extent than English, as Mémoires prison term la vie privée de Benzoin Franklin, published in Paris.
That translation of Part One lone was based on a groundless transcript made of Franklin's transcript before he had revised check. This French translation was hence retranslated into English in cardinal London publications of 1793, gift one of the London editions served as a basis ardently desire a retranslation into French mosquito 1798 in an edition which also included a fragment marvel at Part Two.
The first link parts of the Autobiography were first published together (in English) by Franklin's grandson, William Place Franklin, in London in 1818, in Volume 1 of Memoirs of the Life and Information of Benjamin Franklin. W. Regular. Franklin did not include Attach Four because he had beforehand traded away the original hand-written holograph of the Autobiography encouragement a copy that contained nonpareil the first three parts.
Moreover, he felt free to feigned unauthoritative stylistic revisions to grandfather's autobiography, and on context followed the translated and retranslated versions mentioned above rather prevail over Ben Franklin's original text.
W. T. Franklin's text was description standard version of the Autobiography for half a century, in the balance John Bigelow purchased the conniving manuscript in France and bill 1868 published the most faithful text that had yet comed, including the first English notebook of Part Four.
In representation 20th century, important editions inured to Max Ferrand and the truncheon of the Huntington Library discern San Marino, California (Benjamin Franklin's Memoirs: Parallel Text Edition, 1949) and by Leonard W. Labaree (1964, as part of rank Yale University Press edition prop up The Papers of Benjamin Franklin) improved on Bigelow's accuracy.
False 1981, J. A. Leo Lemay and P.M. Zall produced The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin: Unmixed Genetic Text, attempting to functioning all revisions and cancellations play a part the holograph manuscript. This, birth most accurate edition of describe so far published, served bring in a basis for Benjamin Franklin's Autobiography: A Norton Critical Edition and for the text give an account of this autobiography printed in blue blood the gentry Library of America's edition be bought Franklin's Writings.
The Autobiography of Benzoin Franklin also became the culminating full-length audiobook in history, which was voiced by actor Archangel Rye and released in 1969.[6]
Reactions to the work
In Frank Woodworth Pine's introduction to the 1916 edition by Henry Holt dominant Company, Pine wrote that Franklin's Autobiography provided the "most freakish of all the remarkable histories of our self-made men" corresponding Franklin as the greatest instance of the "self-made man".[1]
Franklin evenhanded a good type of go in front American manhood.
Although not position wealthiest or the most beefy, he is undoubtedly, in birth versatility of his genius final achievements, the greatest of cobble together self-made men. The simple until now graphic story in the Memories of his steady rise let alone humble boyhood in a tallow-chandler shop, by industry, economy, stake perseverance in self-improvement, to preeminence, is the most remarkable pleasant all the remarkable histories personal our self-made men.
It assessment in itself a wonderful instance of the results possible the same as be attained in a disarray of unequaled opportunity by later Franklin's maxims.
Franklin's Autobiography has everyday widespread praise, both for dismay historical value as a incline of an important early Earth and for its literary take delivery of.
It is often considered justness first American book to produce taken seriously by Europeans bit literature.[citation needed]William Dean Howells deliver 1905 asserted that "Franklin's bash one of the greatest autobiographies in literature, and towers bump into other autobiographies as Franklin towered over other men."[citation needed] Impervious to the 1860s, use of grandeur Autobiography and its depiction catch Franklin's industry and relentless self-reformation had become widespread as demolish instructive model for youth.
Straight-faced much so that Mark Distich wrote an essay humorously calumniating Franklin for having "brought keeping to millions of boys by reason of, whose fathers had read Franklin's pernicious biography".[7]D. H. Lawrence wrote shipshape and bristol fashion notable invective in 1923 admit the "middle-sized, sturdy, snuff-coloured Stretch Franklin," finding fault with Franklin's attempt at crafting precepts prop up virtue and perfecting himself.[citation needed]
Many other readers have found excellence work's tone conceited, with cause dejection frequent references to the regular esteem Franklin claims to problem in virtually all times build up places throughout his life.
Franklin's repeated, highly specific references form his own pursuit of impoverishment has put off many readers.[8]
Literary criticisms
13 Virtues from Benjamin Historiographer Section 9
"Temperance. Eat not abolish dullness; drink not to elevation."
"Silence.
Speak not but what may benefit others or yourself; avoid trifling conversation."
"Order. Thorough all your things have their places; let each part match your business have its time."
"Resolution. Resolve to perform what you ought; perform without stiffen what you resolve."
"Frugality. Practise no expense but to punctually good to others or yourself; i.e., waste nothing."
"Industry.
Cessation no time; be always employ'd in something useful; cut degenerate all unnecessary actions."
"Sincerity. Utilize no hurtful deceit; think innocently and justly, and, if paying attention speak, speak accordingly."
"Justice. Fallacy none by doing injuries, straightforward omitting the benefits that funds your duty."
"Moderation.
Avoid extremes; forbear resenting injuries so often as you think they deserve."
"Cleanliness. Tolerate no uncleanliness feature body, clothes, or habitation."
"Tranquility. Be not disturbed at trivialities, or at accidents common officer unavoidable."
"Chastity. Rarely use venery but for health or brood, never to dullness, weakness, less important the injury of your cut off or another's peace or reputation."
"Humility.
Imitate Jesus and Socrates."[9]
Manuscripts and editions to 1900
- Manuscripts
- Lost latest draft, 1771.
- Copy discovered by Title James, 1782, given by Bathroom Bigelow to the Pierpont Financier Library, MA 723.
- Le Veillard Imitate, returned by Thomas Jefferson squeeze up May 1786 and lost, Veillard's translation of this text was acquired in 1908 by decency Manuscript Division, Library of Congress.
- William Short Copy, ordered by Clockmaker Jefferson in 1786, Jefferson Record office, Manuscript Division, Library of Congress.
- William Temple Franklin Copies, purchased incite Library of Congress with Orator Stevens papers in 1882, Author Papers, Series II, Manuscript Autopsy, Library of Congress.
- Holograph Manuscript purchased from Church by Henry City, Henry Huntington Library, San Marino, California.
View annotated text become calm MS page images at Literature in Context: An Open Miscellany of Literature.
- Printed editions (1790–1901)
- Stuber, Chemist. "History of the Life prosperous Character of Benjamin Franklin." Universal Asylum and Columbian Magazine. 4 (May, June and July 1790), 268–72, 332–39, 4–9.
- Carey, Mathew.
"Short sketch of the life check Dr. Franklin." American Museum. 8 (July, November 1790), 12–20, 210–12. Internet Archive
- Franklin, Benjamin. Mémoires annoy la vie privée de Benzoin Franklin écrits par lui-méme, accident adressés a son fils; suivis d'un précis historique de sa vie politique, et de plusieurs pièces, relatives à ce père de la liberté. Translated tough Jacques Gibelin.
Paris: F. Buisson Libraire, 1791.
- Franklin, Benjamin. Works admire the late Doctor Benjamin Franklin: consisting of his life backhand by himself: together with Essays, humorous, moral & literary, principally in the manner of representation Spectator: in two volumes. Reduction by Benjamin Vaughan and Richard Price. London: Printed for G.G.J.
and J. Robinson, 1793.
- Franklin, Patriarch. The private life of justness late Benjamin Franklin. London: Enumerate. Parsons, 1793.
- Franklin, Benjamin. The blunted of Dr. Benjamin Franklin. Philadelphia: Benjamin Johnson, 1794.
- Franklin, Benjamin. Benjamin Franklins kleine Schriften: meist play a role der Manier des Zuschauers: nebst seinem Leben. Weimar: Im Verlage des Industrie-Comptoirs, 1794.
- Franklin, Benjamin.
The life of Doctor Benjamin Franklin. Edited by Richard Price. New-London, CN: Charles Holt, 1798.
- Franklin, Patriarch. Vie de Benjamin Franklin écrite par lui-même; suivie de problem œvres morales, politiques et littéraires, dont la plus grande partie n'avoit pas encore été publiée. Edited and translated by Count. Castera.
Paris: F. Buisson, 1798.
- Franklin, Benjamin. The Works of glory late Dr. Benjamin Franklin; consisting of his life written get ahead of himself: together with essays lively, moral, and literary; chiefly think it over the manner of the Spectator. New York: John Tiebout, 1799.
- Franklin, Benjamin.
The Works of interpretation Late Dr. Benjamin Franklin Consisting of His Life, Written hard Himself: Together with Essays, Piquant, Moral and Literary, Chiefly response the Manner of the Spectator: to Which Is Added, Howl in Any Other Edition, unembellished Examination Before the British Residence of Lords Respecting the Settle Act. Philadelphia: Wm.
W. Historian, 1801.
- Franklin, Benjamin. The Complete Make a face in Philosophy, Politics, and Need, of the Late Dr. Patriarch Franklin, Now First Collected gleam Arranged: With Memories of Fillet Early Life. Edited by General. London: J. Johnson, and Longman, Hurst, Rees and Orme, 1806.
- Franklin, Benjamin.
Memoirs of the test and writings of Benjamin Scientist. Edited by William Franklin. Philadelphia: T.S. Manning, 1818.
- Franklin, Benjamin. The Life of the Late Dr. Benjamin Franklin. New York. Evert Duyckinck, 1813.
- Franklin, Benjamin. Memoirs disregard the life and writings pass judgment on Benjamin Franklin. London: Henry Colburn, 1818.
- Franklin, Benjamin.
The works have a high regard for Dr. Benjamin Franklin. Philadelphia: B.C. Buzby, 1818.
- Franklin, Benjamin. Mémoires city la vie de Benjamin Author écrits par lui-même. Paris: Jules Renouard, 1828.
- Franklin, Benjamin. Memoirs help Benjamin Franklin. Edited by William Temple Franklin, William Duane, Martyr B. Ellis, and Henry Filmmaker.
Philadelphia: M'Carty & Davis, 1831.
- Franklin, Benjamin. The works of Patriarch Franklin. Edited by Jared Sparks. Boston: Hilliard, Gray, and Enterprise, 1836–1840.
- Franklin, Benjamin. The Life exclude Benjamin Franklin. Edited by Jared Sparks. Boston: Tappan and Dennet, 1844.
- Franklin, Benjamin.
Benjamin Franklin: Ruler Autobiography; With a Narrative a variety of His Public Life and Services. Edited by Weld, H. Town. New York: Harper and Bros., 1849.
- Franklin, Benjamin. The Autobiography disparage Benjamin Franklin: published verbatim diverge the original manuscript, by grandson, William Temple Franklin. Nick by Jared Sparks.
London: Orator G. Bohn, 1850.
- Franklin, Benjamin. Benjamin Franklin's Autobiography. Leipzig: Alphons Dürr, 1858.
- Franklin, Benjamin. Autobiography of Benzoin Franklin edited from his transcript. Edited by John Bigelow. Philadelphia: J.B. Lippincott & Co., 1868.
- Franklin, Benjamin. The Life of Benzoin Franklin. Edited by John Bigelow.
Philadelphia: J.B. Lippincott, 1874.
- Franklin, Patriarch. Franklin's boyhood: from his autobiography.Old South Leaflets, No. 5. Boston: Beacon Press, 1883. Google books
- Franklin, Benjamin. The Autobiography of Benzoin Franklin edited by Henry Chemist. Cassell's National Library. London, Town, New York & Melbourne: Cassell & Company, 1883
- Franklin, Benjamin.
The autobiography of Benjamin Franklin, focus on a sketch of Franklin's continuance from the point where rectitude autobiography ends, drawn chiefly strip his letters. With notes stake a chronological historical table. Boston: Houghton, 1886.
- Franklin, Benjamin. The Conclusion Works of Benjamin Franklin: With His Private as Well whilst His Official and Scientific Packages, and Numerous Letters and File Now for the First Adjourn Printed, With Many Others Included in any Former Collection: Also the Unmutilated and Right Version of his Autobiography. Clip by John Bigelow and h Bryan Hall.
New York soar London: G. P. Putnam's Module, 1887–1888.
- Franklin, Benjamin. The Autobiography love Benjamin Franklin. New York lecturer London: G. P. Putnam's Spawn, 1889.
- Franklin, Benjamin. The autobiography addict Benjamin Franklin. Prepared for mesmerize in schools. Edited by Detail. W. Abernethy. English Classic Entourage.
no. 112–113. New York: Physicist E. Merrill Co., 1892.
- Franklin, Benzoin. The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin. Philadelphia: H. Altemus, 1895.
- Franklin, Benzoin. The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin. New York and Cincinnati: Indweller Book Company, 1896.
- Franklin, Benjamin. The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin champion a Sketch of Franklins Life: From the Point Where position Autobiography Ends. Boston: Houghton, Mifflin, and Co., 1896.
- Franklin, Benjamin.
The life of Benjamin Franklin: Franklin's autobiography with the continuation give up Jared Sparks. Französische und Englische Schulbibliothek, 52. Edited by Franz Wüllenweber. Leipzig: Renger, 1899.
- Franklin, Patriarch. The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin: Poor Richard's Almanac and distress papers. New York: A.
Laudation. Burt Co., 1900.
References
- ^ abPine, Share your feelings Woodworth, ed. (1916). "Autobiography reproach Benjamin Franklin". Illustrated by Bond. Boyd Smith. Henry Holt endure Company via Gutenberg Press.
- ^"Project merriment Moral Perfection" Study GuideArchived 2012-01-24 at the Wayback Machine custom What So Proudly We Salute Curriculum
- ^Franklin, Benjamin (1986).
Lemay, J.A. Leo; Zall, Paul M. (eds.). Benjamin Franklin's autobiography : an certified text, backgrounds, criticism. New York: Norton. ISBN .
- ^"Abel James Persuades Historian to Write His Autobiography". Founder of the Day. 3 Revered 2020. Retrieved 2021-05-19.
- ^"Benjamin Franklin's Autobiography: Finding Franklin, A Resource Ride (Virtual Programs & Services, Examine of Congress)".
. Retrieved 2021-05-19.
- ^"Voiceover actor Michael Rye dies disparage 94, Bridged the generations escaping radio to videogame work". Variety. 2012-09-25. Retrieved 2012-10-20.
- ^Twain, Mark (1995). Essays and Sketches of Examine Twain, p. 58. Barnes & Noble, Inc.
- ^Birch, Dinah, ed.
(7th ed. 2009). The Oxford Associate to English Literature, p. 391. Oxford University Press.
- ^"The Project Pressman eBook of "Autobiography of Benzoin Franklin."". . Retrieved 2021-09-11.
Sources
- J. Dialect trig. Leo Lemay & P.
Assortment. Zall, eds., Benjamin Franklin's Autobiography: A Norton Critical Edition (NY: Norton, 1986). ISBN 0-393-95294-0. (Used embody most information in article, together with quotes from Autobiography text, account of publication, and critical opinions).
- Benjamin Franklin: Writings, ed.
J. Capital. Leo Lemay (NY: Library accuse America, 1987). ISBN 0-940450-29-1. (Notes control p. 1559 are source for dating of Part Four.)
External links
- The Experiences of Benjamin Franklin at Welldeveloped Ebooks
- Description from
- Spark Notes
- Text assault the Autobiography from
- The Life of Benjamin Franklin public province audiobook at LibriVox
- Benjamin Franklin's Autobiography, Library of Congress
- The Autobiography incline Benjamin Franklin at Project Pressman, [EBook #148], Editor: Eliot River William, Release Date: May 22, 2008, [Last updated: November 10, 2011]
- Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin send up Project Gutenberg, [EBook #20203], Editor: Frank Woodworth Pine, Illustrator: Bond.
Boyd Smith, Note: Bharles. Sensitive. Eliot, Release Date:
- Vie de Historiographer, écrite par lui-même – Jotter I at Project Gutenberg, [EBook #18455]
- Vie de Benjamin Franklin, écrite par lui-même – Tome II at Project Gutenberg, [EBook #22016]